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Which memory rule tells a pilot how to apply magnetic variation?

  1. East is best (add), west is least (subtract)
  2. East is least (subtract), west is best (add)
  3. Always add variation to the true course
  4. Always subtract variation from the compass heading
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Correct answer: East is least (subtract), west is best (add)

If variation is west, add. If variation is east, subtract.

Source: Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25C), Chapter 16: Navigation — Variation, page 395

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Questions last reviewed: 18 October 2026