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Decision making and flight planningQuestion 765 of 934

What are the three steps of the 3P model?

  1. Plan, prepare, and perform
  2. Perceive, process, and perform
  3. Perceive, prioritize, and proceed
  4. Plan, process, and practice
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Correct answer: Perceive, process, and perform

The pilot perceives the circumstances, processes their impact on safety, and performs the best action.

Source: Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25C), Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making — Perceive, Process, Perform (3P) Model, page 54

Practice decision making and flight planning

Questions last reviewed: 18 October 2026